A species occurring in an area outside of its historically known natural range as a result of intentional or accidental dispersal by human activities. Also referred to as introduced species or exotic species. [EEA Glossary] Alien Species (Invasive Alien Species): Definition: Alien species, also known as invasive alien species (IAS), are organisms introduced by humans—either intentionally or accidentally—into areas outside their natural range. Impact: These species negatively affect native biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. They can outcompete or prey on native species that haven’t evolved specific adaptations to cope with them. Threat: Invasive alien species are a major driver of biodiversity loss and species extinctions. They also pose risks to human health, food security, and livelihoods. Examples: Zebra mussels in North America, European rabbits in Australia, and water hyacinth in many tropical regions. Indigenous Species: Definition: Indigenous species (also called native species) naturally occur in a specific geographical area without human intervention. Comparison: Areas inhabited by Indigenous Peoples tend to have significantly fewer alien species compared to other natural areas. Research: An international study found that Indigenous Peoples’ lands have lower levels of invasive alien species. In summary, alien species disrupt ecosystems, while indigenous species are adapted to their natural habitats. Efforts to prevent the spread of invasive species are crucial for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. [IUCN]